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Inviting Global Ideas & Suggestions For LiFE - Building an Environmentally Sustainable Future

Start Date :
Jun 15, 2022
Last Date :
Jul 31, 2022
23:45 PM IST (GMT +5.30 Hrs)
India is one of the leaders in sustainable development and clean energy. With the Hon PM Narendra Modi-led government’s reform-oriented, environment-friendly policies, the ...
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
In 2012, 20 years after the first Rio Earth Summit, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) or Rio+ 20 was held. The conference focused on two themes in the context of sustainable development: green economy and an institutional framework (Allen et al., 2018). A reaffirmed commitment to SD was key to the conference outcome document, ‘”The Future We Want” to such an extent that the phrase “sustainable development” appears 238 times within the 49 pages (UNSD, 2018a).
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
Jain and Islam (2015) intimate that the Brundtland report engendered the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), known as the Rio Earth Summit, in 1992. The recommendations of the report formed the primary topics of debate at the UNCED. The UNCED had several key outcomes for SD articulated in the conference outcome document, namely Agenda 21 (Worster, 1993). It stated that SD should become a priority item on the agenda of the international community” and proceeded to recommend that national strategies be designed and developed to address economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainable development (Allen, Metternicht, & Wiedmann, 2018). In 2002 the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), known as Rio+10, was held in Johannesburg to review progress in implementing the outcomes from the Rio Earth Summit. WSSD developed a plan of implementation for the actions set out in Agenda 21, known as the Johannesburg Plan, and also launched a number of mul
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
Following these developments, the World Commission on Environment and Development, chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland of Norway, renewed the call for SD, culminating in the development of the Brundtland Report entitled “Our Common Future” in 1987 (Goodland & Daly, 1996). As already mentioned, the report defined SD as development that meets the needs of current generation without compromising the ability of future generation to meets their own needs. Central to the Brundtland Commission Report were two key issues: the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world’s poor (to which overriding priority should be given); and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organisation on the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs (Kates et al., 2001).
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
However, several academicians, researchers and development practitioners (Dernbach, 2003; Paxton, 1993) argue that the concept of sustainable development received its first major international recognition in 1972 at the UN Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm. According to Daly (1992) and Basiago (1996), although the term was not referred to explicitly, the international community agreed to the notion—now fundamental to sustainable development—that both development and the environment hitherto addressed as separate issues, could be managed in a mutually beneficial way.
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
Similarly, examining whether the paradigm of global economic development was “sustainable”, Meadows studied the Limits to Growth in 1972, using data on growth of population, industrial production and pollution (Basiago, 1999; Rostow, 1978). Meadows concluded that “since the world is physically finite, exponential growth of these three key variables would eventually reach the limit” (Meadows, 1972).
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
However, the import of this postulation tended to be ignored in the belief that technology could be developed to cancel such an occurrence. With time, global concerns heightened about the non-renewability of some natural resources which threaten production and long-term economic growth resulting from environmental degradation and pollution (Paxton, 1993). This re-awakened consciousness about the possibility of occurrence of Malthus’ postulation and raised questions about whether the path being chattered regarding development was sustainable (Kates et al., 2001).
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
As far back as 1789, Malthus postulated that human population tended to grow in a geometric progression, while subsistence could grow in only an arithmetic progression, and for that matter, population growth was likely to outstrip the capacity of the natural resources to support the needs of the increasing population (Rostow & Rostow, 1978). Therefore, if measures were not taken to check the rapid population growth rate, exhaustion or depletion of natural resources would occur, resulting in misery for humans (Eblen & Eblen, 1994).
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
Although the concept of SD has gained popularity and prominence in theory, what tends to be neglected and downplayed is the history or evolution of the concept. While the evolution might seem unimportant to some people, it nonetheless could help predict the future trends and flaws and, therefore, provide useful guide now and for the future (Elkington, 1999). According to Pigou (1920), historically, SD as a concept, derives from economics as a discipline. The discussion regarding whether the capacity of the Earth’s limited natural resources would be able to continually support the existence of the increasing human population gained prominence with the Malthusian population theory in the early 1800s (Dixon and Fallon, 1989; Coomer, 1979).
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
According to Kolk (2016), this is achievable through the integration of economic, environmental, and social concerns in decision-making processes. However, it is common for people to treat sustainability and SD as analogues and synonyms but the two concepts are distinguishable. According to Diesendorf (2000) sustainability is the goal or endpoint of a process called sustainable development. Gray (2010) reinforces the point by arguing that, while “sustainability” refers to a state, SD refers to the process for achieving this state.
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Farvez Basha D
3 years 11 months ago
It is argued that the relevance of SD deepens with the dawn of every day because the population keeps increasing but the natural resources available for the satisfaction of human needs and wants do not. Hák et al. (2016) maintain that, conscious of this phenomenon, global concerns have always been expressed for judicious use of the available resources so that it will always be possible to satisfy the needs of the present generation without undermining the ability of future generations to satisfy theirs. It implies that SD is an effort at guaranteeing a balance among economic growth, environmental integrity and social well-being. This reinforces the argument that, implicit in the concept of SD is intergenerational equity, which recognises both short and the long-term implications of sustainability and SD (Dernbach, 1998; Stoddart, 2011).
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